Interfaces in Python

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
# Python uses ABCs in place of true interfaces:
class Speaker(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def speak(self): pass
class Dog(Speaker):
    def speak(self):
        print("Woof")

Full lesson:

An interface defines what a class can do, not how it does it or what it is. A Truck, a Robot, and a Drone aren't the same kind of thing — but they can all Move(). You'd put Move() in a Movable interface and have each one implement it.

Interface vs abstract class

A class inherits from at most one parent class but can implement many interfaces. That's why interfaces are the right tool for cross-cutting capabilities like Comparable, Serializable, Iterable, etc.

The language landscape

• C# / Java — first-class interface keyword. C# uses : for both inheritance and implementation; Java uses extends for inheritance and implements for interfaces.
• Python — no separate interface; abstract base classes (ABCs) with all-abstract methods serve the same role.
• JavaScript — no interface keyword in plain JS (TypeScript has it). The convention is a stub class.
• C++ — a class with only pure-virtual methods is an interface. Multiple inheritance lets a class implement several.

Your task

The Speaker interface (or interface-like base) is already declared. Create a Dog class that implements it, with a speak() method that prints "Woof".

Expected output:

Woof